第526章 轻舟已过万重山(教育篇IV)(1/2)
——我的生活备忘录系列
人生专列迎来新成员,它们是奋进号(轻舟已过万重山)、和谐号(天边那抹霞)和幸福号(人生短章轻歌曼舞朝霞满天)。欢迎免费乘坐,体验人生多态。若能留下金玉良言,帮助专列完善改进,专列人员感激不尽。
谨遵圣贤教诲,每日三省吾身。一时一地所思,权作抛砖引玉。若有思之不当,敬请指正为盼。
教育专列
31高三英语复习方法浅议
好方法等于好成绩。教无定法,教学有法。重点靠摸索,适当地借鉴。别人的好方法可以借来参考,但全盘套用就不一定实用。校情学情不同,教法学法有别。课堂教学一定要依据自己学校,不同班级,学生学习情况,因地制宜。
比方说,完形填空,通读全篇,了解大意,巧辩词意,瞻前顾后,上下联系;阅读理解,理解主题句,查找细节题,推断,概括,排除干扰项;任务型读写,上看下看,左观右瞧,细致观察,注意拼写;书面表达,审题立意,判断时态,选好人称,句式运用,灵活多变等诸如此类一系列所谓解题技巧光靠口头讲述或文字描写是很难奏效的。说得轻巧,做起来难。只有练习,才能过关。适度练习,亲身感悟,总结摸索,活学活用。
另外,许多拼写规则,解题技巧,讲时都懂,一写就错,多半是不熟的缘故,没有记到心里去。
任务型读写和书面表达常犯的错误,虽然讲过多遍,总是有人记不住,可能的原因是记忆方法不当,或是训练力度不够。如单词拼写(infratin , envirnent, prgre,detryed等),词类运用(如it /it', reativity/ reative, areful/arefully等),时态语态选择(主动与被动分不清),动词运用(非谓语动词不能作谓语,情态动词an, ay, huld, ut等后大多时候不能加t d 或ding等动词形式,特殊情况除外),第三人称单数使用等。经常做些填空,句型转换,单句改错或短文改错等类型的题目,不仅能培养细心的品质,提高观察能力,想象能力(尤其是填空题),还能增强记忆,加深印象,达到一定的效果。
高三后期英语复习,以综合训练题为主,兼顾基础知识强化和积累。同学们之间学习层次不同,面向全体,有效兼顾,共同进步也是大有裨益的。
32提高认识达成共识
应试教育让我们身不由己地,机械地围着高考指挥棒旋转。高考考什么,我们就教什么或学什么。不考的题型一律免做,说是不能浪费时间。这样做的前景会是怎样的呢?
众所周知,同一个演员可以以不同的角色出现在不同的电影里。同理,同一个语言点或句式也可以以不同的形式出现在不同的题型里。万变不离其宗。此种题型不考,并不代表着这个语言点或这个句式不考。比方说,有的地方取消了填空题,单词拼写和短文改错。结果在平时的训练中就取消了这类题型训练。这是很不利于某些能力的提高的。有人说,好文章是改出来。只要有写作,就离不开修改。短文改错怎么能随便放弃呢?再如,单词拼写,填空题比单项选择题更能激发人们的联想和想象。平时教学中不做此种类型的训练是得不偿失的。要知道,想象力比任何知识都重要啊。
由此可见,不能让高考指挥棒棒打鸳鸯散。同一个语言点或句型可以通过各种不同途径加以训练和掌握,印象会更深刻,能力会更好地显现。
另外,名言警句不可少,少了素养难提高。不做考试的机器,要做就做大写人。。
33英语里的形容词和副词
一个名词或一个代词一般情况下都不是孤立存在的,都会有意无意同一些词搞好关系,这样才显得灵魂饱满,不至于空乏。这些词在英语里有自己的称谓。它们叫形容词。另外,一般人都喜欢在茶余饭后说长论短,总喜欢拿人或物比较一番,比出个子丑寅卯。比方说,好的想更好,更好的想超好,很少有人想变坏,或坏的更坏,直至最坏。这就要用到英语里的级,即原级,比较级和最高级。不比不知道,一比见分晓。想用好的形容词修饰自己,就要多做好事哟。
当然了,人活着总得做事。什么时间做什么事,什么场合做什么事,怎样做,做得怎样以及做的次数,总得有个交代。这就分别要用到不同的副词帮忙,如时间副词(tday, trr, thi eek,nth,et ),地点副词(here, there, everyhere, anyhere, et ),方式副词(prudly, rudely, lly,et ),程度副词(deeply, pletely, ablutely, et ),以及频率副词(alay, ften, never,et )等。它们可以用来修饰动词,形容词,副词,以及全句,这是副词的职责,它们也从不推诿。
李四光说:“观察是得到一切知识的一个首要步骤。”闲话少说,言归正传。请观察例句,仔细揣摩,重在感悟。
1 t y urprie, the driver i till alive after the traffi aident/ they are very uh alike/ end all the tiket avaible/ it' the nly lutin pible
2 he y in bed, ide aake/ he retued he, afe and und/ the gat rlled ver, dead/ the driver a itting inide, unniu/ h ften d e arrive at rk r hl treed ut, tired and angry/ frtable and afe, thee attrative he an bet any event
3 trangely enugh, e fau ientit have the qualitie f being bth areful and arele
4 yu annt be areful enugh/ yu annt be t areful
5 at a rugh etiate, nigeria i three tie a big a great britain/ at a rugh etiate, nigeria i three tie the ize f great britain/ i ahungry that i ate tie a uh a anybdy ele
6 the utput f thi year i 3 tie hat it a in 2010/ the utput f thi year i 3 tie that f 2010
7 it i generally believed that teahing i a uh an ant a it i a iene
8 the building i a tall a 150 etre/ the building i 150 etre tall/ it an get a ld a inu 40 r 50 degree at night
9 the tudent tudy even harder than befre/ yur king i even re than harry'/ y life ill be a lt better than it i n
10 i think he' re hy than unfriendly/ he i re zy than l at hi rk
11 he i taller than e by three inhe/ he i three inhe taller than i / i ied the t train by ne inute/ if anything, it ade e even angrier
12 the re i lea abut hinee hitry, the re i enjy living in hina/ the aller a ar i, the eaier it i t park/ the re upet i gt, the le i a able t nentrate/ the re the better
13 f all the thing in the lit abve, hih d yu think i the t ueful
14 he' uh the t iaginative f the all
15 the iiippi river i lnger than any ther river in the united tate/ hina i rger than any ther untry in aia/ hina i rger than any untry in afria
16 the bridge being built n i by far the lnget ar the yell river
17 there i n greater lve than that f a an h y dn hi life fr hi friend/ he ha never pent a re rrying day/ fe have tranger nae than thi band/ i lve eating ie rea n a ht day/ there‘ nthing better!/ i didn't think the h uld get any better but after the arbat left the tage, it gt even re eiting
18 let‘ g ehere quiet/ have yu read anything intereting tely
19 the irih are very prud f their ene f hur
20 he' the yunget pern ever t i the hannel
21 i lve yu re than he de/ there ere re peple than e have epeted
22 i rry le than i ued t/ t be h, i trut her re than anybdy ele
23 he i uh a gd tudent that e all like her/ he igd a tudent that e all like her/ it a uh bad eather that he had t tay at he
24 he gtlittle ney a nth that he uld hardly keep bdy and ul tgether
25 they are uh little hildren that they annt lean the hue by theelve
26 the ffiial uld ee n re than the eperr/ it i n bigger than a redit ard!
27 he i n le diligent than yu
28 yu an't reah the vilge ther than by bat
34代词八大类各自有称谓
代词八大类,各自有称谓。指代人和物,避免常重复。
人称代词(i, e; he; hi; he; her; it; it);指示代词(thi, that; thee, the ),关系代词(h, h, that, hih ),指代清楚,关系明白,消除误会,减少损失。如果指代不清,关系不明就会造成考试丢分,生活伤心。物主代词(y, ine; ur, ur; yur, yur; hi, hi; her, her; their, their)事物的所有权要分清,避免一些无谓的纷争。反身代词(yelf, urelve, yurelf, yurelve, hielf, theelve)强调亲历亲为,时时反省,勇于担当。相互代词(eah ther; ne anther)强调人与人之间多一些相互理解,相互帮助,相互信任,生活会更加美好。疑问代词(h, h, hat, hih)认为既要相信真理,也要敢于质疑,不懂就问。不定代词(e, ene, ebdy, everyne, everybdy, any, uh, little, et)希望问题没搞清之前,不要乱下结论。使用不定代词,更加客观公正。
理论从实践中来,最终还要回到实践中去。在实践中感受代词,深刻领悟其用途,力争做到活学活用。
1 hat ele uld yu like/ i’ tired f that afé-hall e g ehere ele fr a hange/-i’ ging t the hl party–e, t let’ bring e ak–have yu ever been t a ater park–n, i haven’t–e, neither/-hy de he like ka–beaue they’re kind f intereting
2 thi i’t ine it ut be ene ele’/ ething i rng ith y bike ay i ue yur/ jak tk ff hi at and ent t bed that ar f her i alay breaking dn/ y life ibring right n and yur ieiting
3 pratie intrduing yurelf and ther/ pleae rite and tell e abut yurelf
4 e ehanged ne ith ne anther/ ea and dave lve eah ther very uh
5 uh i albert eintein, a ****** an ith great ahieveent/ i have the ae puter a yu d/ e ee hi hen he e t tn, but that i’t ften/ that’ enugh!/ that’ it!/ i that/ that ill d
6–hen hall e eet again-ake it any day yu like; it’ all the ae t e
7–an yu e n nday r tueday-i’ afraid neither day i pible
8 i’ve bught t pen-yu an have either
9–h uh ney d yu have–nne/ if i had e ney, i uld lend yu e, but unfrtunately, i have nne/ nne f the kne abut the pn beaue it a kept a a eret
10 hat are yu ding n–nthing
11 eah f the tiket t 70 dlr/ the tiket t 70 dlr eah/ the tiket eah t 70 dlr
12 every an i nt h/ nt every an i h/ there are fantati h every t hur
13 all f the dn’t ke/ nt all f the ke/ nne f the ke/ nt all event in hitry are a terrible a thi ,f ure
14 uld yu pleae ake it e ther day/-hat ther anial d yu like–i like dg, t/ he aid helping ther hanged her life/ iagine ne f yu i yang liei and the ther i a reprter fr tv
15 he ill tay here fr anther 5 day/ eah tie it eeed there’d ne re f u
16 the ret f ur bag are till in the ar/ the ret f the day a pent n the beah
17 he gave e a very valuable preent, ne that i had never een/ he gave e any valuable preent, ne that i had never een
18 the ditinary n the dek i better than that / the ne under the dek/ then the dek are better than the/ the ne under the dek
19 fe pleaure an equal that f a l drink
20 he i nthing but a lerk/ he i anything but a lerk/ he i ene/ ething/ nt anybdy he i ething f a dtr/ he ha aved any live
35英语时态无处不在
时间是大家共有的,时态是英语特有的。什么时间做什么事,中文里只需要使用一些辅助词,如经常,正在,即将,已经等就可以表达清楚了,而英语却要使用动词不同的时态或句式。这些时态和句式常常难住了不少人。所谓时态,就是关注什么时间做什么事。这个问题弄清楚了,许多事情就好办了。
英语时态,无处不在。出口提笔,不离不弃。英语里共有十六种时态。最常见的,也是高考常考的以前只有八种,现在已扩充到十二种。每年高考英语试卷十五个单选题就有两三分考时态,完形填空里也偶尔出现,25分书面表达法几乎是句句离不开时态。由此可见,时态学好了,优势就是你的了。
学习英语时态,首先要记住不同时态的构成,它们相当于数学公式。以rite为例,列出英语里常见的十二种时态,供参考。一般现在时(rite/rite);一般过去时(rte);一般将来时(ill/hall rite);过去将来是(uld/huld rite);现在完成时(have/ha ritten);过去完成时(had ritten);现在进行时(i/a/are riting);过去进行时(a/ere riting);现在完成进行时(have/ha been riting);过去完成进行时(had been riting);将来完成时(ill/hall have ritten);将来进行时(ill/hall be riting)。
光记住公式还远远不够。重要是要学会参悟语境,这是学好英语时态最重要也是最难做的。参悟语境,即通过上下文,抓住时间点,然后依据相关的时态规则,选定正确的时态。想做到这一点,平时要多听多看。听多了,看够了,感觉就找到了,就能够运用自如了。下面先列出一些句子,认真地读,仔细地悟,看看能否找到感觉。
1 he i alay ready t help ther/ he alay ear a red dre/ he never tp talking!/ i ath tv fr iteen r eventeen hur a day
2 he like pying baketball/ he lve t tell jke
3 everything ge ell/ there ge the bell
4 rker fae tugh tie abrad
5 the train leave at 10:20 a
6 i’ll g ith yu a n a i retu he/
7 if yu rk hard, yu ill ueedyear
8 hatever yu ay, i ill nt hange y ind
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